Recent Publications

2020

Sawalha AH: Neutrophils in system lupus erythematosus. In: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Basic, Applied and Clinical Aspects, 2nd ed., Tsokos G (ed.) Philadelphia PA: Elsevier, 2020, pp. 139-142.
 
Zheng X, Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Increased Expression of EZH2 Is Mediated by Higher Glycolysis and mTORC1 Activation in Lupus CD4+ T Cells. Immunometabolism 2020;2(2):e200013; DOI:10.20900/immunometab20200013
 
Sawalha AH, Zhao M, Coit P, Lu Q. Epigenetic dysregulation of ACE2 and interferon-regulated genes might suggest increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in lupus patients. Clin Immunol. 2020 Apr 8;215:108410. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108410.
 
Sawalha AH. Patients with lupus are not protected from COVID-19. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Apr 24. pii: annrheumdis-2020-217656. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217656.
 
Sawalha AH, Manzi S. Coronavirus Disease-2019: Implication for the care and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Rheumatol. 2020 Apr 8. doi: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2020.20055.
 
Sawalha AH. Medical Licensure: It Is Time to Eliminate Practice Borders Within the United States. Am J Med. 2020 May 19:S0002-9343(20)30418-6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.04.015.
 
Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B: A key mediator and an emerging therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. FASEB J. 2020 May 23. doi: 10.1096/fj.202000651.
Ballestar E, Sawalha AH, Lu Q. Clinical value of DNA methylation markers in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020. In Press.
 
Sawalha AH, Jeffries MA. Epigenetics of rheumatic diseases. In: Kelley & Firestein’s Textbook of Rheumatology. 11th Edition. Firestein, Budd, Gabriel, McInnes, and O’Dell (eds.) Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2020, In Press.
 

2019

 
Gensterblum E, Sawalha AH. Takayasu Arteritis. In: Martín J., Carmona F. (eds) Genetics of Rare Autoimmune Diseases. Rare Diseases of the Immune System. Springer, Cham, 2019, pp 151-162.
Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Sawalha AH. Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis. In: Martín J., Carmona F. (eds) Genetics of Rare Autoimmune Diseases. Rare Diseases of the Immune System. Springer, Cham, 2019, pp 203-219.
 
Miller S, Tsou PS, Coit P, Gensterblum-Miller E, Renauer P, Rohraff D, Kilian NC, Schonfeld M, Sawalha AH. Hypomethylation of STAT1 and HLA-DRB1 is associated with type-I interferon-dependent HLA-DRB1 expression in lupus CD8+ T cells. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2019 Jan 23. pii: annrheumdis-2018-214323. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214323.
 
Tsou PS, Campbell P, Amin MA, Coit P, Miller S, Fox DA, Khanna D, Sawalha AH. Inhibition of EZH2 prevents fibrosis and restores normal angiogenesis in scleroderma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 2019 Feb 26;116(9):3695-3702. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1813006116.
 
Kaplan MH, Kaminski M, Estes JM, Gitlin SD, Zahn J, Elder JT, Tejasvi T, Gensterblum E, Sawalha AH, McGowan JP, Dosik MH, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Adebamowo SN, Adebamowo CA, Sajadi M, Contreras-Galindo R. Structural Variation of Centromeric Endogenous Retroviruses in Human Populations and their Impact on Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma, Sézary Syndrome, and HIV infection. BMC Medical Genomics. 2019;12(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s12920-019-0505-8.
 
Tsou PS, Khanna D, Sawalha AH. Identifying CYR61 as a Potential Anti-fibrotic and Pro-angiogenic Mediator in Scleroderma. Arthritis and Rheumatology. 2019; 71(8):1350-1359.
 
Rohraff DM, He Y, Farkash EA, Schonfeld M, Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Inhibition of EZH2 ameliorates lupus-like disease in MRL/lpr mice. Arthritis and Rheumatology. 2019 May 20. doi: 10.1002/art.40931. [Epub ahead of print]
 
Coit P, Kaushik P, Caplan L, Kerr GS, Walsh JA, Dubreuil M, Reimold A, Sawalha AH. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in ankylosing spondylitis identifies HLA-B*27 dependent and independent DNA methylation changes in whole blood. Journal of Autoimmunity. 2019 Aug; 102:126-132.
 
Kong X, Sawalha AH. Takayasu arteritis risk locus in IL6 represses the anti-inflammatory gene GPNMB through chromatin looping and recruiting MEF2-HDAC complex. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Jul 17. pii: annrheumdis-2019-215567. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215567. [Epub ahead of print].
 
Sawalha AH. BCL-6 and EZH2 cooperate to epigenetically repress anti-inflammatory miR-142-3p/5p in lupus CD4+ T cells (Invited Editorial). Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 2019 Sep 11. doi: 10.1038/s41423-019-0288-z. [Epub ahead of print]. 
 
Sawalha AH. Elucidating the role of the epigenetic regulator EZH2 in lupus. Arthritis and Rheumatology. 2019 Oct 10. doi: 10.1002/art.41132. [Epub ahead of print].
 
Golden LC, Itoha Y, Itoha N, Iyengara S, Coit P, Salamaa Y, Arnolde AP, Sawalha AH, Voskuhl RR. Parent-of-origin differences in DNA methylation of X chromosome genes in T lymphocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 2019 Dec 10. pii: 201910072. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910072116.
 
Ortiz-Fernández L, Sawalha AH. Genetics of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2019 Dec 5;21(12):65. doi: 10.1007/s11926-019-0869-y.
 

2018

 
Voskuhl RR, Sawalha AH, Itoh Y. Sex chromosome contributions to sex differences in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2018 Jan;24(1):22-31.
 
Gensterblum-Miller E, Wu W, Sawalha AH. Novel Transcriptional Activity and Extensive Allelic Imbalance in the Human MHC Region. The Journal of Immunology. 2018 Jan 6,  ji1701061; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1701061
 
Ortiz-Fernández L, David Carmona F, López-Mejías R, González-Escribano MF, Lyons PA, Morgan AW, Sawalha AH, Smith KGC, González-Gay MA, Martín J; Spanish GCA Study Group, UK GCA Consortium, Turkish Takayasu Study Group, Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium, IgAV Study Group, AAV Study group. Cross-phenotype analysis of Immunochip data identifies KDM4C as a relevant locus for the development of systemic vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Jan 27. pii: annrheumdis-2017-212372.
Alibaz-Oner F, Sawalha AH, Direskeneli H. Management of Behçet's disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018 May;30(3):238-242.
 
Fu J, Nogueira SV, Drongelen VV, Coit P, Ling S, Rosloniec EF, Sawalha AH, Holoshitz J. Shared epitope-aryl hydrocarbon receptor crosstalk underlies the mechanism of gene-environment interaction in autoimmune arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Apr 16. pii: 201722124. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1722124115.
 
Iris M, Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Caffeine inhibits STAT1 signaling and downregulates inflammatory pathways involved in autoimmunity. Clin Immunol. 2018 Apr 17. pii: S1521-6616(18)30216-X. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.04.008.
 
Weeding E, Sawalha AH. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Implications for Future Clinical Practice. Front Immunol. 2018 Apr 24;9:875. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00875.
 
He Y, Tsou PS, Khanna D, Sawalha AH. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 mediates anti-fibrotic effects in scleroderma fibroblasts. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Aug;77(8):1208-1218.
He Y, Sawalha AH. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus: an update on drugs and mechanisms. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018 Sep;30(5):490-497.
 
González-Serna D, López-Isac E, Yilmaz N, Gharibdoost F, Jamshidi A, Kavosi H, Poursani S, Farsad F, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Vargas S, Sawalha AH, Brown MA, Yavuz S, Mahmoudi M, Martin J. Analysis of the genetic component of systemic sclerosis in Iranian and Turkish populations through a genome-wide association study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Sep 21. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/key281.
 
Alperin JM, Ortiz-Fernández L, Sawalha AH. Monogenic Lupus: A Developing Paradigm of Disease. Frontier in Immunology. 2018. 9:2496. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02496.
 
Weeding E, Coit P, Yalavarthi S, Kaplan MJ, Knight JS, Sawalha AH. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in primary antiphospholipid syndrome neutrophils. Clinical Immunology. 2018 Nov 21. pii: S1521-6616(18)30620-X. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.11.011.
 
Sawalha AH. Clinical Immunology: A Special Issue on Epigenetics. Clinical Immunology. 2018 Nov 20. pii: S1521-6616(18)30675-2. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.11.012.
 
Sawalha AH, Coit P. Evaluating the perception among rheumatologists of maintenance of board certification in the United States. Arthritis Care & Research. 2018. 2018 Dec 20. doi: 10.1002/acr.23823. [Epub ahead of print].
 

2017

 
Kilian NC, Sawalha AH. Behçet’s disease in the United States: A single center descriptive and comparative study. Eur J Rheumatol 2017; DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17112. <abstract> 
 
Gensterblum E, Renauer P, Coit P, Strickland FM, Kilian NC, Miller S, Ognenovski M, Wren JD, Tsou PS, Lewis EE, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, McCune WJ, Richardson BC, Sawalha AH. CD4+CD28+KIR+CD11ahi T cells correlate with disease activity and are characterized by a pro-inflammatory epigenetic and transcriptional profile in lupus patients. J Autoimmun. 2017 Oct 20. pii: S0896-8411(17)30596-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.09.011. <abstract> 
 
Tsou PS, Coit P, Kilian NC, Sawalha AH. EZH2 modulates the DNA methylome and controls T cell adhesion through junctional adhesion molecule-A in lupus patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Oct 3. doi: 10.1002/art.40338. <abstract> 
 
Coit P, Direskeneli H, Sawalha AH. An update on the role of epigenetics in systemic vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2017 Sep 27. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000451. <abstract> 
 
Knight JS, Meng H, Coit P, Yalavarthi S, Sule G, Gandhi AA, Grenn RC, Mazza LF, Ali RA, Renauer P, Wren JD, Bockenstedt PL, Wang H, Eitzman DT, Sawalha AH. Activated signature of antiphospholipid syndrome neutrophils reveals potential therapeutic target. JCI Insight. 2017 Sep 21;2(18). pii: 93897. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.93897. <abstract>
 
Renauer P, Sawalha AH. The genetics of Takayasu arteritis. Presse Med. 2017 Jul - Aug;46(7-8 Pt 2):e179-e187. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.11.031. <abstract>
 
Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Unfolding the pathogenesis of scleroderma through genomics and epigenomics. J Autoimmun. 2017 Sep;83:73-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.05.004. <abstract>
 
Teruel M, Sawalha AH. Epigenetic Variability in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: What We Learned from Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Studies. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017 Jun;19(6):32. doi: 10.1007/s11926-017-0657-5. <abstract>
 
Munz M, Willenborg C, Richter GM, Jockel-Schneider Y, Graetz C, Staufenbiel I, Wellmann J, Berger K, Krone B, Hoffmann P, van der Velde N, Uitterlinden AG, de Groot LCPGM, Sawalha AH, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Guzeldemir-Akcakanat E, Keceli G, Laudes M, Noack B, Teumer A, Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Eickholz P, Meyle J, Doerfer C, Bruckmann C, Lieb W, Franke A, Schreiber S, Nohutcu RM, Erdmann J, Loos BG, Jepsen S, Dommisch H, Schaefer AS. A genome-wide association study identifies nucleotide variants at SIGLEC5 and DEFA1A3 as risk loci for periodontitis. Hum Mol Genet. 2017 Jul 1;26(13):2577-2588. <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH. Interview with Amr H Sawalha: Epigenetics and Autoimmunity. Epigenomics. 2017 Apr;9(4):379-382 <abstract>
 
Dozmorov MG, Coit P, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Sawalha AH. Age-associated DNA methylation changes in naive CD4+ T cells suggest an evolving autoimmune epigenotype in aging T cells. Epigenomics. 2017 Apr;9(4):429-445. <abstract>
 
Padda A, Mandalia A, Sawalha AH. Clinical Images: Black Esophagus in Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Jul;69(7):1460. <abstract>
 
Carmona FD, Coit P, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Cid MC, Solans R, Castañeda S, Vaglio A, Direskeneli H, Merkel PA, Boiardi L, Salvarani C, González-Gay MA, Martín J, Sawalha AH; Spanish GCA Study Group; Italian GCA Study Group; Turkish Takayasu Study Group; Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium. Analysis of the common genetic component of large-vessel vasculitides through a meta-Immunochip strategy.Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 9;7:43953. doi: 10.1038/srep43953. <abstract>
 

2016

 
 
Mok A, Solomon O, Nayak RR, Coit P, Quach HL, Nititham J, Sawalha AH, Barcellos LF, Criswell LA, Chung SA. Genome-wide profiling identifies associations between lupus nephritis and differential methylation of genes regulating tissue hypoxia and type 1 interferon responses. Lupus Sci Med. 2016 Dec 7;3(1):e000183. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2016-000183. eCollection 2016. <abstract>
 
Coit P, Sawalha AH. The human microbiome in rheumatic autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review. Clin Immunol 2016 Sep; 170:70-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.026. Epub 2016 Aug 2. <abstract>
 
Coit P, Dozmorov MG, Merrill JT, McCune WJ, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Wren JD, Sawalha AH. Epigenetic reprogramming in naïve CD4+ T cells favoring T cell activation and non-Th1 effector T cell immune response as an early event in lupus flares. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016 Sep; 68(9): 2200-9. doi: 10.1002/art.39720. <abstract>
 
Tsou PS, Wren JD, Amin MA, Schiopu E, Fox DA, Khanna D, Sawalha AH.  Histone deacetylase 5 is overexpressed in scleroderma endothelial cells and impairs angiogenesis via repressing pro-angiogenic factors. Athritis Rheumatol 2016 Aug 2. doi: 10.1002/art.39828. {Epub ahead of print]. <abstract>
 
Coit P, Mumcu G, Ture-Ozdemir F, Unal AU, Alpar U, Bostanci N, Ergun T, Direskeneli H, Sawalha AH. Sequencing of 16S rRNA reveals a distinct salivary microbiome signature in Behçet's disease. Clin Immunol 2016 Aug; 169:28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.002. <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH. Epigenetics of rheumatic diseases. In: Kelley & Firestein’s Textbook of Rheumatology, 10th Edition. Firestein, Budd, Gabriel, McInnes, and O’Dell (eds.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2016, pp. 344-54.
 
Carmona FD, Onat AM, Fernández-Aranguren T, Serrano-Fernández A, Robledo G, Direskeneli H, Sawalha AH, Yavuz S, Martín J. Analysis of systemic sclerosis-associated genes in a Turkish population. J Rheumatol 2016 Jul; 43(7):1376-9. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.160045. Epub 2016 May 1. <abstract>
 
Jeffries MA, Donica M, Baker LW, Stevenson ME, Annan AC, Humphrey MB, James JA, Sawalha AH. Genome-wide DNA methylation study identifies significant epigenomic changes in osteoarthritic subchondral bone and similarity to overlying cartilage. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016 Jun; 68(6):1403-14. doi: 10.1002/art.39555. <abstract>
 
Renauer P, Coit P, Sawalha AH. Epigenetics and Vasculitis: A Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016 Jun; 50(3):357-66. doi: 10.1007/s12016-015-8495-6. Review. <abstract>
 
Coit P, De Lott LB, Nan B, Elner VM, Sawalha AH. DNA methylation analysis of the temporal artery microenvironment in giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016 Jun; 75(6):1196-202. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207116. <abstract>
 
Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Hughes T, Yilmaz V, Durmus H, Adler A, Alahgholi-Hajibehzad M, Aysal F, Yentür SP, Akalin MA, Dogan O, Marx A, Gülsen-Parman Y, Oflazer P, Deymeer F, Sawalha AH. Genetic heterogeneity within the HLA region in three distinct clinical subgroups of myasthenia gravis. Clin Immunol 2016May; 166-167:81-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.05.003. <abstract>
 
Ognenovski M, Renauer P, Gensterblum E, Kötter I, Xenitidis T, Henes JC, Casali B, Salvarani C, Direskeneli H, Kaufman KM, Sawalha AH. Whole exome sequencing identifies rare protein-coding variants in Behçet’s disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016 May; 68(5):1272-80. <abstract>
 
Namas R, Renauer P, Ognenovski M, Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Histone H2AX phosphorylation as a measure of DNA double strand breaks and a marker of environmental stress and disease activity in lupus. Lupus Sci Med 2016 Apr; 3(1):e000148. doi:10.1136/lupus-2016-000148. <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH. Neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus. In: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Basic, Applied and Clinical Aspects, 1st Edition. Tsokos G (ed.) Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2016 pp. 127-30.
 
Sawalha AH, Dozmorov MG. Epigenomic functional characterization of genetic susceptibility variants in systemic vasculitis. J Autoimmun 2016 Feb; 67:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.10.002. <abstract>
 
Zhao M, Zhou Y, Zhu B, Wan M, Jiang T, Tan Q, Liu Y, Jiang J, Luo S, Tan Y, Wu H, Renauer P, Del Mar Ayala Gutiérrez M, Castillo Palma MJ, Ortega Castro R, Fernández-Roldán C, Raya E, Faria R, Carvalho C, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Xiang Z, Chen J, Li F, Ling G, Zhao H, Liao X, Lin Y, Sawalha AH, Lu Q. IFI44L promoter methylation as a blood biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2016 Nov;75(11):1998-2006. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208410.  <abstract>
 

2015

 
 
Coit P, Ognenovski M, Gensterblum E, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Wren JD, Sawalha AH. Ethnicity-specific epigenetic variation in naïve CD4+ T cells and the susceptibility to autoimmunity. Epigenetics Chromatin 2015 Nov 24;8:49. doi: 10.1186/s13072-015-0037-1. <abstract>
 
Kazzaz NM, Coit P, Lewis EE, McCune WJ, Sawalha AH, Knight JS. Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by diffuse alveolar hemorrhage:  risk factors and response to treatment. Lupus Science & Medicine 2015 Sep 23; 2(1):e000117. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000117.  <abstract>
 
Moses V, Parmar HA, Sawalha AH. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the evaluation of crowned dens syndrome secondary to calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 2015 Oct; 21(7):368-9.  
 
Renauer P, Coit P, Jeffries MA, Merrill JT, McCune WJ, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Sawalha AH. DNA methylation patterns in naïve CD4+ T cells identify epigenetic susceptibility loci for malar rash and discoid rash in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Science & Medicine 2015; 2(1):e000101. doi:10.1136/lupus-2015-000101.  <abstract>
 
Coit P, Renauer P, Jeffries MA, Merrill JT, McCune WJ, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Sawalha AH. Renal involvement in lupus is characterized by unique DNA methylation changes in naïve CD4+ T cells. Journal of Autoimmunity 2015 July; 61:29-35.  doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.05.003.  <abstract>
 
Gorelik G, Sawalha AH, Johnson K, Richardson BC. T cell PKCδ kinase inactivation induces lupus-like autoimmunity in mice. Clinical Immunology 2015 June; 158(2):193-203. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.03.017.  <abstract>
 
Coit P, Yalavarthi S, Ognenovski M, Zhao W, Hasni S, Wren JD, Kaplan MJ, Sawalha AH. Epigenome profiling reveals significant DNA demethylation of interferon signature genes in lupus neutrophils. Journal of Autoimmunity 2015 Apr; 58:59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.01.004.   <abstract>
 
Renauer P, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Coit P, Adler A, Aksu  K, Keser G, Alibaz-Oner F, Aydin  SZ, Kamali  S, Inanc M, Carette S, Cuthbertson D, Hoffman GS, Akar S, Onen  F, Akkoc N, Khalidi NA, Koening C, Karadag O, Kiraz S, Langford CA, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, McAlear CA, Ozbalkan Z, Ates A, Karaaslan Y, Duzgun N, Monach PA, Ozer HTE, Erken E, Ozturk MA, Yazici A, Cefle A, Onat M, Kisacik B, Pagnoux C, Kasifoglu T, Seyahi E, Fresko I, Seo P, Sreih A, Warrington KJ, Ytterberg SR, Cobankara V, Cunninghame-Graham DS, Vyse TJ, Pamuk ON, Tunc E, Dalkilic E, Bicakcigil M, Yentur SP, Wren JD, Merkel PA, Direskeneli H, Sawalha AH. Identification of susceptibility loci in IL6, RPS9/LILRB3, and an intergenic locus on chromosome 21q22 in Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2015 May; 67(5):1361-8.  <abstract>
 
Jeffries MA, Sawalha AH. Autoimmune disease in the epigenetic era: how has epigenetics changed our understanding of disease and how can we expect the field to evolve? Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 2015; 11(1): 45-58.  <abstract>
 
Renauer PA, Coit P, Sawalha AH. The DNA methylation signature of human TCRαβ+CD4-CD8- double negative T cells reveals CG demethylation and a unique epigenetic architecture permissive to a broad stimulatory immune response. Clinical Immunology 2015 Jan; 156(1):19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.10.007.  <abstract>
 
Tulunay A, Dozsmorov MG, Ture-Özdemir F, Yılmaz V, Eksioğlu-Demiralp E, Alibaz-Oner F, Özen G, Wren JD, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Sawalha AH, Direskeneli H. Activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in Behcet’s Disease. Genes and Immunity 2015 Mar; 16(2):170-5. doi: 10.1038/gene.2014.64. <abstract>
 
Altorok N, Tsou E, Coit P, Khanna D, Sawalha AH. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in dermal fibroblasts from patients with diffuse and limited systemic sclerosis reveals common and subset-specific DNA methylation aberrancies. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2015; 74(8):1612-20. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205303.  <abstract>
 

2014

 
 
Altorok N, Sawalha AH. Epigenetics and systemic sclerosis. In: Epigenetics and Dermatology. 1st edition. Lu, Chang, Richardson (eds.). Elsevier; 2015, pp. 249-273. 
Sawalha AH. Hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation of the skin. Journal of Rheumatology 2015; 42(1):135-6. 
 
Guo Y, Sawalha AH, Lu Q. Epigenetics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: potential clinical application (review). Clinical Immunology 2014; 155(1):79-90.  <abstract>
 
Zhao M, Liu S, Luo S, Wu H, Tang M, Cheng W, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Yu X, Xia Y, Yi N, Gao F, Wang L, Yung S, Chan TM, Sawalha AH, Richardson B, Gershwin ME, Li N, Lu Q. DNA methylation and mRNA and microRNA expression of SLE CD4+ T cells correlate with disease phenotype. Journal of Autoimmunity 2014; 54:127-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.07.002. [Epub 2014 Aug 3].  <abstract>
 
Jeffries MA, Donica M, Baker LW, Stevenson ME, Annand AC, Humphrey MB, James JA, Sawalha AH. Genome-wide DNA methylation study identifies significant epigenomic changes in osteoarthritic cartilage. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2014; 66(10):2804-15 doi: 10.1002/art.38762.  <abstract>
 
Hughes T, Ture-Ozdemir F, Alibaz-Oner F, Coit P, Direskeneli H, Sawalha AH. Epigenome-wide scan identifies a treatment-responsive pattern of altered DNA methylation among cytoskeletal remodeling genes in monocytes and CD4+ T cells in Behçet’s disease. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2014; 66(6):1648-58. doi: 10.1002/art.38409.  <abstract>
 
Altorok N, Coit P, Hughes T, Koelsch KA, Stone DU, Rasmussen A, Radfar L, Scofield RH, Sivils KL, Farris AD, Sawalha AH. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in naïve CD4+ T cells from patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2014; 66(3):731-9. doi: 10.1002/art.38264.  <abstract>
 
Richardson B, Strickland FM, Sawalha AH, Gorelik G. Protein kinase Cδ mutations may contribute to lupus through effects on T cells: comment on the article by Belot et al. (Letter to the Editor). Arthritis & Rheumatology 2014; 66(1):228-9.   <abstract>
 

2013

 
 
Altorok N, Sawalha AH. Epigenetics in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 2013; 25(5):569-76.      <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH. Overexpression of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 and autoimmunity: evidence from MECP2 duplication syndrome, lupus, MECP2 transgenic and Mecp2 deficient mice. Lupus 2013; 22(9):870-2. PMCID: PMC3790641.   <abstract> 
 
Turunc G, Coskun D, Alibaz-Oner F, Coit P, Duzgun N, Alpsoy E, Yentur SP, Salvarani C, Casali B, Kotter I, Ergun T, Direskeneli H, Sawalha AH, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein gene TIRAP S180L polymorphism is not increased in Behçet’s disease patients in two ethnic cohorts. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2013 May-Jun; 31(3 Suppl 77):54-6.   <abstract> 
 
Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Hughes T, Aksu K, Keser G, Coit P, Aydin SZ, Alibaz-Oner F, Kamalı S, Inanc M, Carette S, Hoffman GS, Akar S, Onen F, Akkoc N, Khalidi NA, Koening C, Karadag O, Kiraz S, Langford CA, McAlear CA, Ozbalkan Z, Ates A, Karaaslan Y, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Monach PA, Ozer HTE, Seyahi E, Fresko I, Cefle A, Seo P,  Warrington KJ, Ozturk MA, Ytterberg SR, Cobankara V, Onat AM, Guthridge JM, James JA, Tunc E, Duzgun N, Bıcakcıgil M, Yentür SP, Merkel PA, Direskeneli H, Sawalha AH. Identification of multiple genetic susceptibility loci in Takayasu’s arteritis. American Journal of Human Genetics 2013; 93(2):298-305. PMCID: PMC3738826.   <abstract>
 
Manku H, Langefeld CD, Guerra S, Malik TH, Alarcon-Riquelme M, Anaya J-M, Bae S-C, Boackle SA, Brown EE, Criswell LA, Freedman BI, Gaffney PM, Gregersen PA, Guthridge JM, Han S-H, Harley JB,  Jacob CO, James JA, Kamen DL, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Martin J, Merrill JT, Moser KL, Niewold TB, Park S-Y, Pons-Estel BA, Sawalha AH, Scofield RH, Shen N, Stevens AM, Sun C, Gilkeson GS, Edberg JC, Kimberly RP, Nath SK, Tsao B, Vyse TJ. Trans-ancestral studies fine map the SLE-susceptibility locus TNFSF4. PLoS Genetics 2013; 9(7):e1003554. PMCID: PMC3715547.   <abstract> 
 
Strickland FM, Hewagama A, Wu A, Sawalha AH, Delaney C, Hoeltzel MF, Yung R, Johnson K, Mickelson B, Richardson BC. Diet influences expression of autoimmune-associated genes and disease severity by epigenetic mechanisms in a transgenic mouse model of lupus. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2013; 65(7):1872-81. PMCID: PMC3735138.  <abstract> 
 
Coit P, Jeffries M, Altorok N, Dozmorov MG, Koelsch KA, Wren JD, Merrill JT, McCune WJ, Sawalha AH. Genome-wide DNA methylation study suggests epigenetic accessibility and transcriptional poising of interferon-regulated genes in naïve CD4+ T cells from lupus patients. Journal of Autoimmunity 2013; 43:78-84. PMCID: PMC3790645.   <abstract> 
 
Hughes T, Coit P, Adler A, Yilmaz V, Aksu K, Düzgün N, Keser G, Cefle A, Yazici A, Ergen A, Alpsoy E, Salvarani C, Casali B, Kötter I, Gutierrez-Achury J, Wijmenga C, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Sawalha AH. Identification of multiple independent susceptibility loci in the HLA region in Behçet's disease. Nature Genetics 2013; 45(3):319-24.   <abstract> 
 
Zhang Y, Zhao M, Sawalha AH, Richardson B, Lu Q. Impaired DNA methylation and its mechanisms in CD4(+)T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Autoimmunity 2013; 41:92-9.   <abstract>
 
Koelsch KA, Webb R, Jeffries M, Dozmorov MG, Frank MB, Guthridge JM, James JA, Wren JD, Sawalha AH. Functional characterization of the MECP2/IRAK1 lupus risk haplotype in human T cells and a human MECP2 transgenic mouse. Journal of Autoimmunity 2013; 41:168-74. PMCID: PMC3622940.   <abstract> 
 
Koelsch KA, Wang Y, Maier-Moore JS, Sawalha AH, Wren JD. GFP affects T cell activation and cytokine production following in vitro stimulation. PLoS One 2013; 8(4):e50068. PMCID: PMC3618152.   <abstract> 
 
Tran L, Chaloner A, Sawalha AH, Greenwood Van-Meerveld B. Importance of epigenetic mechanisms in visceral pain induced by chronic water avoidance stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 39(6):898-906.   <abstract>
 
Kaufman KM, Zhao J, Kelly JA, Hughes T, Adler A, Sanchez E, Ojwang JO, Langefeld CD, Ziegler JT, Williams AH, Comeau ME, Marion MC, Glenn SB, Cantor RM, Grossman JM, Hahn BH, Song YW, Yu CY, James JA, Guthridge JM, Brown EE, Alarcón GS, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri MA, Reveille JD, Vilá LM, Anaya JM, Boackle SA, Stevens AM, Freedman BI, Criswell LA, Pons Estel BA, Argentine Collaborative Group, Lee JH, Lee JS, Chang DM, Scofield RH, Gilkeson GS, Merrill JT, Niewold TB, Vyse TJ,  Bae SC, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, BIOLUPUS network, Jacob CO, Moser Sivils K, Gaffney PM, Harley JB, Sawalha AH, Tsao BP. Fine mapping of Xq28: both MECP2/IRAK1 and NAA10/RENBP contribute to risk for systemic lupus erythematosus in multiple ancestral groups. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2013; 72(3):437-44. PMCID: PMC3567234.  <abstract> 
 

2012

 
 
Kim K, Brown EE, Choi CB, Alarcón-Riquelme ME; on behalf of BIOLUPUS, Kelly JA, Glenn SB, Ojwang JO, Adler A, Lee HS, Boackle SA, Criswell LA, Alarcón GS, Edberg JC, Stevens AM, Jacob CO, Gilkeson GS, Kamen DL, Tsao BP, Anaya JM, Guthridge JM, Nath SK, Richardson B, Sawalha AH, Kang YM, Shim SC, Suh CH, Lee SK, Kim CS, Merrill JT, Petri M, Ramsey-Goldman R, Vilá LM, Niewold TB, Martin J, Pons-Estel BA; on behalf of GENLES, Vyse TJ, Freedman BI, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Williams A, Comeau M, Reveille JD, James JA, Scofield RH, Langefeld CD, Kaufman KM, Harley JB, Kang C, Kimberly RP, Bae SC. Variation in the ICAM1-ICAM4-ICAM5 locus is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility in multiple ancestries. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2012; 1(11):1809-14. PMCID: PMC3466387.   <abstract> 
 
Sawalha AH, Wang L, Nadig A, Somers EC, McCune WJ, Michigan Lupus Cohort, Hughes T, Merrill JT, Scofield RH, Strickland FM, Richardson B.  Sex-specific differences in the relationship between genetic susceptibility, T cell DNA demethylation and lupus flare severity. Journal of Autoimmunity 2012; 38(2-3):J216-22. PMCID: PMC3313010.   <abstract> 
 
Richardson B, Sawalha AH, Ray D, Yung R.  Murine models of lupus induced by hypomethylated T cells (DNA hypomethylation and lupus…). Methods in Molecular Biology 2012; 900:169-80.   <abstract> 
 
Strickland FM, Hewagama A, Lu Q, Wu A, Hinderer R, Webb R, Johnson K, Sawalha AH, Delaney C, Yung R, Richardson BC. Environmental exposure, estrogen and two X chromosomes are required for disease development in an epigenetic model of lupus. Journal of Autoimmunity 2012; 28(2-3):J135-43. PMCID: PMC3312994.   <abstract> 
 
Hughes T, Adler A, Merrill JT, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Williams A, Langefeld CD, Gilkeson GS, Sanchez E, Martin J, Boackle SA, Stevens AM, Alarcón GS, Niewold TB, Brown EE, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Reveille JD, Criswell LA, Vilá LM, Jacob CO, Gaffney PM, Moser KL, Vyse TJ, Alarcón-Riquelme ME on behalf of the BIOLUPUS network, James JA, Tsao BP, Scofield RH, Harley JB, Richardson BC, Sawalha AH.  Analysis of autosomal genes reveals gene-sex interactions and higher total genetic risk in men with systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2012; 71(5):694-9. PMCID: PMC3324666.   <abstract>
 
Hughes T, Adler A, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Williams A, Langefeld CD, Brown EE, Alarcón GS, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Boackle SA, Stevens AM, Reveille JD, Sanchez E, Martin J, Niewold TB, Vilá LM, Scofield RH, Gilkeson GS, Gaffney PM, Criswell LA, Moser KL, Merrill JT, Jacob CO, Tsao BP, James JA, Vyse TJ, Alarcón-Riquelme ME on behalf of the BIOLUPUS network, Harley JB, Richardson BC, Sawalha AH.  Evidence for gene-gene epistatic interactions among susceptibility loci for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2012; 64(2):485-92. PMCID: PMC3268866.   <abstract>
 

2011

 

 
Webb R, Kelly JA, Somers EC, Hughes T, Kaufman KM, Sanchez E, Nath SK, Bruner G, Alarcón -Riquelme ME, Gilkeson GS, Kamen DL, Richardson BC, Harley JB, Sawalha AH.  Early disease onset is predicted by a higher genetic risk for lupus and is associated with a more severe phenotype in lupus patients. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2011; 70(1):151-6. PMCID: PMC3034281.   <abstract>
Hughes T, Sawalha AH. The role of epigenetic variation in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (Invited review). Arthritis Research and Therapy 2011; 13(5):245. PMCID: PMC3308098.   <abstract>  
 
Sawalha AH, Hughes T, Nadig A, Yılmaz V, Aksu K, Keser G, Cefle A, Yazıcı A, Ergen A, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. A putative functional variant within the ubiquitin-associated domain-containing protein 2 gene (UBAC2) is associated with increased risk of Behçet’s disease. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2011; 63(11):3607-12. PMCID: PMC3205238.   <abstract> 
 
Sánchez E, Comeau ME, Freedman BI, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Langefeld CD, Brown EE, Alarcón GS, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri, M, Reveille JD, Vilá LM, Merrill JT, Tsao BP, Kamen DL, Gilkeson GS, James JA, Vyse TJ on behalf of SLEGEN, Gaffney PM, Jacob CO, Niewold TB, Richardson BC, Harley JB, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Sawalha AH. Identification of novel genetic susceptibility loci in African-American lupus patients using a candidate gene association study. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2011; 63(11):3493-501. PMCID: PMC3205224.   <abstract> 
 
Sanchez E, Nadig A, Richardson BC, Freedman BI, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Niewold TB, Kamen DL, Gilkeson GS, Ziegler JT, Langefeld CD, Alarcón GS, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Brown EE, Kimberly RP, Reveille JD, Vilá LM, Merrill JT, Anaya JM, James JA, Pons-Estel BA, Martin J, Park SY, Bang SY, Bae SC, Moser KL, Vyse TJ, Criswell LA, Gaffney PM, Tsao BP, Jacob CO, Harley JB, Alarcón-Riquelme ME on behalf of BIOLUPUS and GENLES, Sawalha AH. Phenotypic associations of genetic susceptibility loci in systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2011; 70(10):1752-7. PMCID: PMC3232181.   <abstract> 
 
Jeffries MA, Sawalha AH. Epigenetics in systemic lupus erythematosus: leading the way for specific therapeutic agents (Invited review). International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 2011; 6(4):423-39. PMCID: PMC3241218.   <abstract> 
 
Jeffries M, Dozmorov M, Tang Y, Merrill JT, Wren JD, Sawalha AH. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in CD4+ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Epigenetics 2011; 6(5):593-601. PMCID: PMC3121972.   <abstract> 
 
Hughes T, Kim-Howard X, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Langefeld CD, Ziegler J, Sanchez E, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Reveille JD, Martin J, Brown EE, Vilá LM, Alarcón GS, James JA, Gilkeson GS, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Merrill JT, Vyse TJ, Alarcón-Riquelme ME; on behalf of the BIOLUPUS network, Nath SK, Harley JB, Sawalha AH.  Fine-mapping and transethnic genotyping establish IL2/IL21 genetic association with lupus and localize this genetic effect to IL21. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2011; 63(6):1689-97. PMCID: PMC3106139.   <abstract> 
 
Htoon J, Nadig A, Hughes T, Yavuz S, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Sawalha AH.  IL18 polymorphism is associated with Behçet's disease but not lupus in patients from Turkey. Journal of Rheumatology 2011; 38(5):962-3. PMCID: PMC3102261.   <abstract> 
 
Thanou-Stavraki A, Sawalha AH.  An update on belimumab for the treatment of lupus (Invited review). Biologics: Targets & Therapy 2011; 5: 33-43. PMCID: PMC3044792.   <abstract> 
 
Hughes T, Sawalha AH. Autoimmune diseases. In: Epigenetic Aspects of Chronic Diseases. 1st edition. Roach HI, Bronner F, and Oreffo, R OC, eds. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2011, pp. 95-106.
Thanou-Stavraki A, Sawalha AH, Crowson AN, Harley JB.  Noodling and Mycobacterium marinum infection mimicking seronegative rheumatoid arthritis complicated by anti-TNFα therapy. Arthritis Care and Research 2011; 63(1):160-4.   <abstract> 
 

2010

 
 
Sanchez E, Webb R, Rasmussen A, Kelly  JA, Riba L, Kaufman K Garcia de la Torre I, Moctezuma  JF, Maradiaga-Ceceña MA, Borrego L, Cardiel M, Acevedo E, Garcia M, Gamron S, Pons-Estel BA, Vasconcelos C, Martin J, Tusié-Luna T, Harley JB, Richardson B, Sawalha AH*, Alarcón-Riquelme ME* (* Shared senior co-authorship).  Genetically determined Amerindian ancestry correlates with increased frequency of risk alleles for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2010; 62(12):3722-9. PMCID: PMC3078084.   <abstract> 
 
Hughes T, Webb R, Fei Y, Wren J, Sawalha AH.  DNA methylome in human CD4+ T cells identifies transcriptionally repressive and non-repressive methylation peaks. Genes and Immunity 2010; 11(7):554-60. PMCID: PMC2948060.   <abstract> 
 
Cobb BL, Fei Y, Jonsson R, Bolstad AI, Brun JG, Rischmueller M, Lester SE, Witte T, Illei G, Brennan M, Bowman S, Harley JB, Sawalha AH. Genetic association between methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) and primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2010; 69(9): 1731-2. PMCID: PMC2920370.   <abstract> 
 
Javierre BM, Fernandez AF, Richter J, Al-Shahrour F, Martin-Subero JI, Rodriguez-Ubreva J, Berdasco M, Fraga MF, O'Hanlon TP, Rider LG, Jacinto FV, Lopez-Longo FJ, Dopazo J, Forn M, Peinado MA, Carreño L, Sawalha AH, Harley JB, Siebert R, Esteller M, Miller FW, Ballestar E. Changes in the pattern of DNA methylation associate with twin discordance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Genome Research 2010; 20(2):170-9. PMCID: PMC2813473.   <abstract> 
 
Maiti AK, Kim-Howard X, Viswanathan P, Guillén L, Rojas-Villarraga A, Deshmukh H, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Cañas C, Tobón GJ, Sawalha AH, Cherñavsky AC, Anaya JM, Nath SK.  Confirmation of association between rs6822844 at the IL2-IL21 region and multiple autoimmune diseases: evidence of a general susceptibility locus. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2010; 62(2):323-9. PMCID: PMC3028384.   <abstract>
 

2009

Sawalha AH, Harley JB, Scofield RH.  Autoimmunity and Klinefelter's syndrome: when men have two X chromosomes. Journal of Autoimmunity 2009; 33(1):31-4. PMCID: PMC2885450.   <abstract> 
 
 
Fei Y, Webb R, Cobb BL, Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Sawalha AH.  Identification of novel genetic susceptibility loci for Behçet's disease using a genome-wide association study. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2009; 11(3):R66. PMCID: PMC2714112.   <abstract> 
 
Sawalha AH.  Xq28 and lupus: IRAK1 or MECP2? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (Letter) 2009; 106(24):E62. PMCID: PMC2701034.   <abstract> 
 
Zhou Y, Yuan J, Pan Y, Fei Y, Qiu X, Hu N, Luo Y, Lei W, Li Y, Long H,  Sawalha AH, Richardson B, Lu Q.  T cell CD40LG gene expression and the production of IgG by autologous B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical Immunology 2009; 132(3):362-70. PMCID: PMC2810511.   <abstract> 
 
Webb R, Merrill JT, Kelly JA, Sestak A, Kaufman KM, Langefeld CD, Ziegler J, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Reveille JD, Alarcón GS, Vilá LM, Alarcón-Riquelme ME,  James JA, Gilkeson GS, Jacob CO, Moser KL, Gaffney PM, Vyse TJ, Nath SK, Lipsky P, Harley JB, Sawalha AH. A polymorphism within interleukin-21 receptor (IL21R) confers risk for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2009; 60(8):2402-7. PMCID: PMC2782592.   <abstract> 
 
Li Y, Sawalha AH, Lu Q.  Aberrant DNA methylation in skin diseases. Journal of Dermatological Science 2009; 54(3):143-9.   <abstract>
 
Webb R, Wren JD, Jeffries M, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Tang Y, Frank MB, Merrill JT, PROFILE study group, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, James JA, Vyse TJ, Moser KL, Gilkeson GS, Harley JB, Sawalha AH.  Variants within MECP2, a key transcription regulator, are associated with increased susceptibility to lupus and differential gene expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism 2009; 60(4): 1076-84. PMCID: PMC2734382.  <abstract> 
 
Pan Y, Sawalha AH. Epigenetic regulation and the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Translational Research 2009; 153(1):4-10.  <abstract> 
 
Webb R, Jeffries M, Sawalha AH. Uric acid directly promotes human T-cell activation. American Journal of Medical Sciences 2009; 337(1):23-7.  <abstract>
 

2008

 
 
Sawalha AH, Kovats S.  Dehydroepiandrosterone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Current Rheumatology Reports 2008; 10(4):286-91. PMCID: PMC2701249.  <abstract>
 
Jeffries M, Hamadeh F, Aberle T, Glenn S, Kamen D, Kelly JA, Reichlin M, Harley JB, Sawalha AH.  Hemolytic anaemia in a multi-ethnic cohort of lupus patients: a clinical and serological perspective. Lupus 2008; 17(8):739-43.  <abstract>
 
Nath SK, Sawalha AH. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Genetic and Epigenetic View. In Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. (July 2008). doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0006092.  <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH, Webb R, Han S, Kelly JA, Kaufman KM, Kimberly RP, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, James JA, Vyse TJ, Gilkeson GS, Choi CB, Scofield RH, Bae SC, Nath SK, Harley JB.  Common variants within MECP2 confer risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2008; 3(3): e1727. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001727.  PMCID: PMC2253825.  <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH, Richardson B.  MEK/ERK pathway inhibitors as treatment for inflammatory arthritis might result in the development of lupus (Letter). Arthritis & Rheumatism 2008; 58(4):1203-4.  <abstract>
 
Jeffries M, Bruner G, Glenn S, Sadanandan P, Carson CW, Harley JB, Sawalha AH.  Sulfa allergy in lupus patients: a clinical perspective. Lupus 2008; 17(3): 202-5.  <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH.  Epigenetics and T-cell immunity. Autoimmunity 2008; 41(4):245-52.  <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH, Jeffries M, Webb R, Lu Q, Gorelik G, Ray D, Osban J, Knowlton N, Johnson K, Richardson B.  Defective T-cell ERK signaling induces interferon-regulated gene expression and overexpression of meythlation-sensitive genes similar to lupus patients. Genes and Immunity 2008, 9:368-78. PMCID: PMC2825163.  <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Adler AJ, Aberle T, Kilpatrick J, Wakeland EK, Li QZ, Wandstrat AE, Karp DR, James JA, Merrill JT, Lipsky P, Harley JB.  Genetic association of interleukin-21 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases  2008, 67(4):458-61.  <abstract>
 

2007

 
 
Gorelik G, Fang JY, Wu A, Sawalha AH, Richardson B.  Impaired T cell PKC delta activation decreases ERK pathway signaling in idiopathic and hydralazine-induced lupus. Journal of Immunology 2007; 179(8):5553-63. 
 
Malik S, Bruner GR, Scofield RH, Harley JB, Sawalha AH.  Presence of anti-La autoantibody is associated with a lower risk of nephritis and seizures in lupus patients. Lupus 2007; 16(11): 863-6. 
 
Williams PH, Cobb BL, Namjou B, Scofield RH, Sawalha AH, Harley JB. Horizons in Sjögren’s syndrome genetics. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 2007, 32(3):201-9. 
 
Sestak AL, Nath SK, Sawalha AH, Harley JB.  Current status of lupus genetics. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2007; 9(3):210. PMCID: PMC2206359. 
 
Sawalha AH, Jeffries M. Defective DNA methylation and CD70 overexpression in CD4+ T cells in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. European Journal of Immunology 2007; 37(5):1407-13. 
 
Sawalha AH, Richardson BC.  The environment in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. In: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Companion to Rheumatology. 1st edition. George C Tsokos, Caroline Gordon, and Josef S. Smolen (eds.) Elsevier; 2007, pp. 64-73.
 

2006 - 2000

 
 
Sawalha AH, Diaz L, Harley JB.  Systemic lupus erythematosus. In: Principles of molecular medicine. 2nd edition. Diaz L (editor).  Totowa: Humana Press, Inc; 2006, pp. 970-8.             
                                         
Sawalha AH, Saint S, Ike RW, Bronze MS.  Clinical problem-solving: still consider the source. New England Journal of Medicine 2005; 53(14):1503-7. 
 
Sawalha AH, Richardson BC.  DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Current Pharmacogenomics 2005; 3:73-8.  <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH, Harley JB.  Antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Current Opinion in Rheumatology 2004; 16(5):534-40.  <abstract>
 
Hashish L, Sawalha AH, Harley JB. Sjögren’s syndrome: a genetic and immunologic perspective. In: The new Sjögren’s syndrome handbook. Wallace DJ (editor). New York: Oxford University Press; 2004, pp. 24-32. 
 
Sawalha AH, Schmid WR, Binder SR, Bacino D, Harley JB. Association between systemic lupus erythemastosus and Helicobacter pylori seronegativity. Journal of Rheumatology 2004; 31(8):1546-50. <abstract>
 
Harley JB, Sawalha AH.  Genetic basis of rheumatic disease. In: Arthritis and Allied conditions: A textbook of Rheumatology. 15th edition. Koopman WJ, Moreland LW (editors). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 2004, pp. 609-625.
Sawalha AH, Potts R, Schmid WR, Scofield RH, Harley JB. The genetics of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Current Rheumatology Reports 2003; 5(4): 324-32.  <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH, Bronze MS, Saint S, Blevins S, Kern W.  Clinical problem-solving.  Step by step. New England Journal of Medicine 2003; 349(23):2253-7.  <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH, Lutz BD, Chaudhary NA, Kern W, Harley JB, Greenfield RA. Panniculitis: a presenting manifestation of disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Clinical Rheumatololgy 2003; 9(4):259-62.  <abstract>
 
Sawalha AH, Namjou B, Nath SK, Kilpatrick J, Germundson A, Kelly JA, Hutchings D, James J, Harley J.  Genetic linkage of systemic lupus erythematosus with chromosome 11q14 (SLEH1) in African-American families stratified by a nucleolar antinuclear antibody pattern. Genes and Immunity 2002; 3(suppl 1): S31-S34.  <abstract>    
 
Askari A, Al-Aboosi M, Sawalha A.  Evaluation of pathergy test in North Jordan. Clinical Rheumatology 2000; 19(3):249-51.  <abstract>
 
Askari A, Al-Bdour MD, Saadeh A, Sawalha AH.  Ankylosing spondylitis in north Jordan: descriptive and analytical study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2000; 59(7):571-3.  <abstract>